Electronic Medication Packaging Devices and Medication Adherence: A Systematic Review

Electronic medication packaging (EMP) devices show variable effectiveness in improving medication adherence, with effect estimates ranging from a 2.9% decrease to a 34.0% increase in mean adherence across 37 studies. Devices integrated into the care delivery system and designed to record dosing events demonstrated the most consistent associations with improved adherence. Higher-quality evidence is needed to definitively establish the effectiveness of EMP devices in addressing medication nonadherence and to identify which specific device components are most beneficial.