Insulin Products and Patents in the USA in 2004, 2014, and 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study

Van de Wiele VL, Kesselheim AS, Beran D, Darrow JJ - Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

  • Innovation Incentives and Competition

Summary:

The number of FDA‑approved insulin products increased from 18 in 2004 to 43 in 2020, while listed patents grew from 11 to 100 over the same period. Median time to last patent expiration rose from ~16 years to ~24 years, driven largely by device‑related patents rather than new active ingredients.

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Recent Work from PORTAL

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The Impact of Semantics in Medicines Regulation

Costa E, Kesselheim AS - Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics

  • Innovation Incentives and Competition
  • Regulation and Clinical Evidence
Simple graphic of magnifying glass examining papers to signify reviewing research publications.

Delisted Patents on Pharmaceuticals, 1998-2024

Kirby-Rivera L, Feldman WB, Kim M, Kosmopoulou G, Kesselheim AS, Tu SS - Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics

  • Innovation Incentives and Competition
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Delays in Access to Generic Semaglutide Point to Key Missing Pieces in Canada’s Drug Approval System

Eisenkraft Klein D, Kesselheim AS - Health Policy

  • Innovation Incentives and Competition
  • Regulation and Clinical Evidence
Canada approved its first generic semaglutide nearly four months after market exclusivity expired, with delays arising from the absence of clear standards for demonstrating equivalence between fully synthetic generics and the brand-name product. Regulators should publish equivalence standards so manufacturers can build the required evidence into their initial submissions, helping lower-cost alternatives reach patients sooner.
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